000			03329nam a2200277 4500
001			390442
090			_a390442
100			_a20110802d2011 y0pory50 ba
101			_aeng
200			_aThe structural and cultural dynamics of neighborhood violence _bRecurso eletrónico _efinal technical report _fDavid S. Kirk, Andrew V. Papachristos
210			_aAustin, TX ; Amherst, MA _ced. do a. _d2011
215			_a1 CD-ROM _d12 cm
300			_a"Research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice - Award n. 2008-IJ-CX-0012". Resumo retirado do National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Ficheiro de 1,22 Mb em formato pdf (91 p.). Disponível em: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/234629.pdf. Acedido a 02 de Agosto de 2011.
330			_a"Considerable attention has given to identifying the neighborhood-level structural and social-interactional mechanisms which influence an array of social outcomes such as crime, educational attainment, collective action, mortality, and morbidity. Cultural mechanisms are often overlooked in quantitative studies of neighborhood effects, largely because of outdated notions of culture. This study explores the origins of legal cynicism, as well as the consequences of cynicism for neighborhood violence. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural frame in which people perceive the “law” as illegitimate, unresponsive, and ill-equipped to ensure public safety. Four objectives are addressed: 1) The correlates of legal cynicism. 2) The cross-sectional relationship between neighborhood violence and legal cynicism, as well as the relationship between neighborhood violence and tolerant attitudes toward violence and deviant behavior. 3) If legal cynicism predicts the change in neighborhood violence over time, net of changes to the structural conditions of a given neighborhood. 4) If legal cynicism makes all types of violence more likely or just certain forms, we compare whether the neighborhood predictors of gang versus non-gang homicide are the same. Findings reveal that tolerant attitudes toward deviance and violence have little bearing on neighborhood rates of violence. Legal cynicism, however, has both a near-term and enduring influence on violence, net of neighborhood structural characteristics and social processes such as collective efficacy. Neighborhood culture is a powerful determinant of neighborhood violence, and partially accounts for why rates of violence remained stable (and even increased) in some Chicago neighborhoods during the 1990s despite declines in poverty and drastic declines in violence city-wide. Findings also indicate that cynicism of the law has a general effect on violence, and that collective efficacy substantially mediates the association between legal cynicism and homicide. Legal cynicism undermines the collective efficacy that is vital to the social control of neighborhood violence.".
606			_aVIOLÊNCIA URBANA _9273845
606			_aURBANISMO E CRIMINALIDADE _9343731
606			_aSEGURANÇA PÚBLICA _9244000
606			_aGANG DE RUA _9343365
606			_aANÁLISE SOCIAL _93558
606			_aESTADOS UNIDOS _9334103
700			_aKIRK _bDavid S. _9356608
701			_aPAPACHRISTOS _bAndrew V. _9356609
955			_xOferta