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I. Introduction. II. The magnitude of and incentive for the theft of cultural property. A. The enticing underworld of art theft. B. Intricacies of the black market trade of cultural objects. III. Military precursors to the international conventions for the protection of cultural property. A. The Lieber Code. B. The 1954 Hague Convention. IV. The 1970 UNESCO Convention. A. Cultural nationalism versus cultural internationalism. B. 1970 UNESCO Convention: Criticisms and drawbacks. C. The conflicting property right ideologies of Civil Code nations versus those of common law nations. D. Cumulative effects of the 1970 UNESCO Convention. V. The 1995 UNIDROIT convention. A. UNIDROIT Convention’s departures from and advances over the 1970 UNESCO Convention. B. The UNIDROIT Convention and restitution of stolen cultural property and illegally exported cultural objects. 1. The rights of the original owner verses that the Bona Fide purchaser. 2. The Due Diligence Requirement. 3. Restitution claims for illegally exported cultural objects differ from stolen cultural property. C. Drawbacks and benefits of the UNIDROIT Convention. 1. The lack of retroactive applications of the UNIDROIT Convention. 2. Benefits of the UNIDROIT Convention. VI. Conclusion. A. The influence of the 1970 UNESCO Convention and the UNIDROIT Convention. B. Possible solutions to the problems regulating the illicit trade of cultural property. 1. Developing Internationally Property Law Applying to Cultural Property. 2. Promoting More Adequate Measures to Protect the Cultural Property. 3. Using the internet: The Stolen Art Data Base. 4. The need for world wide cooperation.