05456nam a2200277 4500001000700000010001800007090001100025100004100036101000800077200017500085210003500260215002000295225004100315300019900356330428500555606002504840606003004865606003704895606001604932606002604948606001704974606002404991700003405015955001105049995011805060393473 a9789514498886 a393473 a20150923d2015 y0pory50 ba aeng aChild sexual abusebRecurso eletrónicoeinterpreting medical statement conclusions and biological evidence detection in the criminal legal processfMinna Joki-Erkkilä aTampere, Finlandc[s.n.]d2015 a1 CD-ROMd12 cm aActa Universitatis Tamperensisv2087 aDissertação apresentada à School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finlândia, tendo como orientadores Pekka J. Karhunen, Pentti K. Heinonen. Ficheiro de 1,96 MB em formato PDF (92 p.). a1 Introduction. 2 Review of Literature. 2.1 Clinical examination techniques. 2.2 Common misconceptions interpreting child sexual abuse. 2.2.1 Integrity of hymen. 2.2.2 Hymenal findings after vaginal penetration. 2.2.3 Anogenital healing. 2.2.3.1 Hymenal healing. 2.2.3.2 Non-hymenal healing studies on anogenital findings. 2.2.3.3 Time-frame since the last suspected sexual event to medical examination; findings and. healing. 2.2.4 Anogenital injury potential. 2.2.5 Consensual versus non-consensual anogenital injuries. 2.2.6 Anogenital findings and inexperienced examiner. 2.2.6.1 Some physical findings detected in both abused and non-abused children. 2.2.6.2 Hymenal findings in non-abused and in suspected sexual abuse children. 2.2.6.3 Anal findings in non-abused and in suspected sexual abuse children. 2.2.7 Hymen and use of tampons. 2.2.8 Multiple assailants. 2.2.9 Significance of the physician. 2.2.10 Biological evidence collection in suspected sexual abuse. 2.2.10.1 Detection of biological evidence in children. 2.2.10.2 Detection of spermatozoa in adolescents and /or adults. 2.2.10.3 Detection of Y-DNA in adolescents and /or adults. 2.3 Medical decision making. 2.4 Criminal legal process. 2.4.1 Physical findings and legal outcome. 2.4.2 Spermatozoa, DNA and legal outcome. 2.4.3 Other factors and legal outcome. 2.4.4 Elements for successful prosecution. 3 Aims of the Study. 4 Materials and Methods. 4.1 Data collection. 4.1.1 For evaluation of medical statement conclusions in the criminal legal process (I). 4.1.1.1 Exclusion criteria (I). 4.1.1.2 Variables collected from medical records, preliminary investigation files, prosecutor’s files,. District Court and Court of Appeal (I). 4.1.2 Participant recruitment for the studies II-IV. 4.1.2.1 Medical and sexual variables for studies II-IV. 4.2 Clinical forensic documentation and sampling techniques following consensual intercourse in adult. volunteers (II-IV). 4.2.1 Examination and documentation techniques for UV-study (II). 4.2.2 Vaginal and cervical sample collection (III). 4.2.3 Urine sample collection (IV). 4.3 Laboratory techniques (III-IV). 4.3.1 DNA extraction and quantification (III-IV). 4.3.2 Microscopic analysis (III-IV). 4.3.3 Contamination issues (III-IV). 4.3.4 Statistics. 4.3.5 Ethical considerations. 5 Results. 5.1 The criminal legal process and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.1 Study population and alleged victimization (I). 5.1.2 Criminal investigations and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.2.1 Medical findings (I). 5.1.2.2 Biological traces of evidence (I). 5.1.2.3 Type of suspected abuse (I). 5.1.2.4 Cases closed during criminal investigation (I). 5.1.3 Prosecution and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.3.1 Decisions to dismiss charges and medical statements (I). 5.1.4 Court decisions and medical statements (I). 5.1.4.1 Acquittals (I). 5.1.4.2 Perpetrator’s confession of CSA (I). 5.2 Evidence collection in volunteers (II-IV). 5.2.1 Detection of acute anogenital injury under white and UV-light (II). 5.2.1.1 Age and acute genital findings (II). 5.2.2 Genital scars under white and UV-light (II). 5.2.3 Forensic evidence specimens collected from vagina, cervical canal and urine (III-IV). 5.2.3.1 Cut-off limits of the possibility of identifying DNA from swab, brush and urine samples (III-IV). 5.2.3.2 Microscopy (III-IV). 5.2.4 Timing issues (II-IV). 5.2.4.1 Time-frame for injury detection (II). 5.2.4.2 Time-frame for Y-DNA detection (III-IV). 5.2.4.3 Time-frame for spermatozoa detection in microscopy (III-IV). 5.2.4.4 Possible factors affecting the detection of acute genital findings, genital scars, Y-DNA or spermatozoa (II-IV). 6 Discussion. 6.1 Medical statement conclusions in the criminal legal process (I). 6.1.1 The Child’s disclosure of alleged CSA (I). 6.1.2 Sexual violence and legal outcome (I). 6.2 The possibility of previous injury cannot be ruled out by delayed medical examination (II). 6.3 Forensic collection methods for spermatozoa and DNA following consensual intercourse (III-IV). 6.3.1 Spermatozoa and DNA collection in alleged CSA (I). 6.3.2 Timing of collecting biological forensic samples (III-IV). 6.4 Strengths, limitations and some ethical considerations. 6.5 Future implications. 7 Summary. 8 Conclusions. aCRIME SEXUAL9242574 aEXAME MÉDICO-LEGAL9138 aANÁLISE DE VESTÍGIOS9320649 aADN9243660 aDIREITO PENAL9224698 aTESE9334284 aFINLÂNDIA9333865 aJOKI-ERKKILÄbMinna9357849 xOferta 104PJCD_268_00000000000000052022-06-066PJCD2689425922aPJcPJfPJ1CD268_79kPJCD268n2022-06-06o0rMOxOferta