04709nam a2200181   4500001000700000100004100007101000800048200017200056210003200228215002000260300024800280330388000528606001904408606002704427606002004454606003304474700002004507391186  a20121008d2012       y0pory50      ba  aeng  aApplication of Raman spectroscopy for an easy-to-use, on-field, rapid, nondestructive, confirmatory identification of body fluidsbRecurso eletrónicofIgor K. Lednev  aAlbany, NYced. do a.d2012  a1 CD-ROMd12 cm  aTechnical report funded by the U.S. Department of Justice, Award nr. 2009-DN-BX-K186. Ficheiro de 7,53 MB em formato PDF (80 p.). Disponível também em: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/239079.pdf. Acedido a 08 de outubro de 2012.  aExecutive summary. Synopsis of the problem and purpose. Research design: General approach. Samples. Data analysis. Identification of unknown blood stains using multidimensional Raman signatures. Findings and conclusions. Implications for policy and practice. Main body of the final technical report. I. Introduction. 1. Statement of the problem. 2. Literature citations and review. Analysis of body fluids for forensic purposes. Applications of Raman spectroscopy and microspectroscopy for body fluid identification for forensic purposes. The problem of contamination and substrates. Effect of cleaning materials. 3. Statement of hypothesis or rationale for the research. II. Methods. 1. Instrumentation. 2. Body fluid samples. 3. Data treatment. Substrates. Body fluid mixtures. Contaminated body fluids and their mixtures. 4. Identification of unknown blood stains using multidimensional Raman signatures. III. Results.  Statement of results. 1. Obtain statistically confident Raman spectroscopic characteristics for various body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, and sweat (Objective 1). 1.1 Raman spectroscopic signatures of blood, semen, saliva, sweat and vaginal fluid. Blood. Human semen. Saliva. Sweat. Vaginal fluid. Raman peaks assignment. 1.2 Multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures of blood, semen, saliva, sweat and vaginal fluid. 2. Develop a statistical program for automatic identification of body fluids in dry mixtures. Evaluate major performance characteristics and limitations of the developed method as presumptive and confirmatory tests (Objective 2). 2.1 Automatic identification of pure body fluids. Identification of an unknown species. Automatic identification of body fluids. 2.2 Analysis of body fluid mixtures. 3. Extend the application of the developed method to body fluid stains on various substrates including human skin, fabrics, carpets, hard surfaces, etc. (Objective 3). 3.1 Blood reference spectra. 3.2 Blood on glass. 3.3 Blood on tile. 3.4 Blood on cotton. 4 Extend the application of the developed method to the dry body fluid mixtures contaminated with non-biological components (Objective 4). 4.1 Main approach. 4.2 Analysis of blood and semen, contaminated with sand, soil and dust. Raman spectra of sand, dust, soil and contaminated blood. Fitting experimental Raman spectra according to the multidimensional spectroscopic signature of blood. Statistical criteria of fitting. Raman microspectroscopy of blood traces with heterogeneous contamination. 4.3 Identification of contaminated mixtures. 4.4 Effect of cleaning materials on the identification of body fluid stains. 4.5 Conclusion. 5 Determine the optimum wavelength range for Raman spectroscopic measurements from the viewpoint of the method selectivity, sensitivity, and reduction of fluorescence interference (Objective 5). IV. Conclusions. 1. Discussion of findings. Objective 1. Obtain statistically confident Raman spectroscopic characteristics for various body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, and sweat. Objective 2. Develop a statistical program for automatic identification of body fluids in the dry mixtures. Evaluate major performance characteristics and limitations of the developedmethod as presumptive and confirmatory tests. Objective 3. Extend the application of the developed method to body fluid stains on various substrates including human skin, fabrics, carpets, hard surfaces, etc. Objective 4. Extend the application of the developed method to the dry body fluid mixtures contaminated with non-biological components. Objective 5. Determine the optimum wavelength range for Raman spectroscopic measurements from the viewpoint of the method selectivity, sensitivity, and reduction of fluorescence interference. 2. Implications for policy and practice. 3. Implications for further research. V. References.  aESPECTROSCOPIA  aANÁLISE LABORATORIAL  aFLUIDO CORPORAL  aMÉTODO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO  aLEDNEVbIgor K.