05050nam a2200241   4500001000700000010005500007090001100062100004100073101000800114200007100122210006400193215002000257300004900277330409800326606003304424606004204457606005404499606002904553606003104582710006604613955001104679995011804690390216  aISBN 9789287199959 (CoE); ISBN 9789291926671 (FRA)  a390216  a20110413d2011       y0pory50      ba  aeng  aHandbook on European non-discrimination lawbRecurso eletrónico   aLuxembourgcPublications Office of the European Uniond2011  a1 CD-ROMd12 cm  aFicheiro de 1,52 Mb em formato pdf (156 p.).  aForeword. Abbreviations. 1. Introducing European non-discrimination law : context, evolution and key principles. 1.1. Context and background to European non-discrimination law. 1.1.1. The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights. 1.1.2. The European Union and the non-discrimination directives. 1.2. Current and future developments in European protection mechanisms. 1.2.1. EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. 1.2.2. UN human rights treaties. 1.2.3. European Union accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. Key points. Further reading. 2. Discrimination categories and defences. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Direct discrimination. 2.2.1. Unfavourable treatment. 2.2.2. A comparator. 2.2.3. The protected ground. 2.3. Indirect discrimination. 2.3.1. A neutral rule, criterion or practice. 2.3.2. Significantly more negative in its effects on a protected group. 2.3.3. A comparator. 2.4. Harassment and instruction to discriminate. 2.4.1. Harassment and instruction to discriminate under the EU non-discrimination directives. 2.4.2. Harassment and instruction to discriminate under the ECHR. 2.5. Special or specific measures. Key points. 2.6. Defences of less favourable treatment under European non-discrimination laws. 2.6.1. Introduction. 2.6.2. Break down of the general defence. 2.6.3. Application of the general defence. 2.6.4. Specific defences under EU law. 2.6.4.1. Genuine occupational requirement. 2.6.4.2. Religious institutions. 2.6.4.3. Exceptions on the basis of age. Key points. Further reading. 3. The scope of European non-discriminati on law. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Who receives protection under European non-discrimination law?. 3.3. The scope of the European Convention: Article 14 and Protocol 12. 3.3.1. The nature of the prohibition on discrimination in the Convention. 3.3.1.1. Rights covered by the Convention. 3.3.1.2. The scope of convention rights. 3.3.1.3. Protocol 12. 3.4. The scope of the EU non-discrimination directives. 3.4.1. Employment. 3.4.1.1. Access to employment. 3.4.1.2. Conditions of employment, including dismissals and pay. 3.4.1.3. Access to vocational guidance and training. 3.4.1.4. Worker and employer organisations. 3.4.1.5. The European Convention and the context of employment. 3.4.2. Access to welfare and forms of social security. 3.4.2.1. Social protection, including social security and healthcare. 3.4.2.2. Social advantages. 3.4.2.3. Education. 3.4.2.4. The European Convention and the context of welfare and education. 3.4.3. Access to supply of goods and services, including housing. 3.4.3.1. The European Convention and the context of goods and services, including housing. 3.4.4. Access to justice. 3.4.4.1. The European Convention and the context of access to justice. 3.5. Application of the Convention beyond EU law. 3.5.1. The ‘personal’ sphere: private and family life, adoption, the home and marriage. 3.5.2. Political participation: freedom of expression, assembly and association, and free elections. 3.5.3. Law enforcement. 3.5.4. Criminal law matters. Key points. Further reading. 4. Protected grounds. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Sex. 4.3. Sexual orientation. 4.4. Disability. 4.5. Age. 4.6. Race, ethnicity, colour and membership of a national minority. 4.7. Nationality or national origin. 4.8. Religion or belief. 4.9. Language. 4.10. Social origin, birth and property. 4.11. Political or other opinion. 4.12. ‘Other status’. Key points. Further reading. 5. Evidential issues in non-discrimination law. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Sharing of the burden of proof. 5.2.1. Factors not needing to be proven. 5.3. Role of statistics and other data. Key points. Further reading. List of cases. Case-law of the International Court of Justice. Case-law of the European Court of Justice. Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Case-law of the European Committee of Social Rights. Case-law of the Human Rights Committee. Case-law of national courts. Table of legal texts. International instruments. EU instruments. Additional materials available on CD-Rom. Online sources. Note on citation.  aGUIA DE INFORMAÇÃO91233  aLUTA CONTRA A DISCRIMINAÇÃO91263  aCONVENÇÃO EUROPEIA DOS DIREITOS DO HOMEM9235  aUNIÃO EUROPEIA9224774  aDIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS9529  aUNIÃO EUROPEIAbFRA - Agency for Fundamental Rights9224774  xOferta  104PJCD_143_00000000000000052022-06-066PJCD1439421832aPJcPJfPJ1CD143_57kPJCD143n2022-06-06o0rMOxOferta