02166nam a2200241   4500001000700000090001100007100004100018101000800059200015100067210005100218215002000269225001600289300021700305330109100522606003801613606002801651606002301679606004001702606003101742700002601773955001101799995011401810384449  a384449  a20070919d2003       y0pory50      ba  apor  aInformal value transfer systems, terrorism and money launderingbRecurso eletrónicoea report to the National Institute of JusticefNikos Passas  a[Massachusetts]cNortheastern Universityd2003  a1 CD-ROMd12 cm  aIVTS Report  aRelatório submetido ao U.S. Department of Justice. Ficheiro de 1,95 Mb em formato pdf (137 f.). Também disponível em: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208301.pdf. Acedido em 19 de Setembro de 2007.  aForeword. Summary of significant results and policy implications. Introduction. Definitions. Methods. A general overview: different types of IVTS. IFTS. IVTM. Background and methods of operation discovered or suspected. Physical transportation – courier service. In-kind payments. Hawala and Hundi. Terms used in Hawala networks. Hawala mechanics. The settlement process. How do hawaladars make profit? Documentation kept. Law enforcement challenges stemming from the nature of Hawala operations. Lack of record keeping and potential difficulties. In deciphering records. Too many records. Mixing of various businesses. Problems associated with the context of Hawala operations. Linguistic issues. Cultural differences. “Benami” accounts. International coordination and cooperation. Difficulty of policy assessments. International legal and administrative asymmetries. Indicators of use and abuse. Indicators of IFTS activity. Indicators of criminal abuse. The nexus with serious crime and terrorism. Policy implications. Conclusion. References. Appendix: Outline of Thirty Cases.  aBRANQUEAMENTO DE CAPITAIS9243734  aEVASÃO FISCAL9230953  aTERRORISMO9410420  aFINANCIAMENTO DO TERRORISMO9304518  aSISTEMA FINANCEIRO9245947  aPASSASbNikos9282693  xOferta  104PJCD_59_00000000000000052022-06-066PJCD599414414aPJcPJfPJ1CD59_97kPJCD59n2022-06-06o0rMOxOferta