02192nam a2200277 4500 384449 384449 20070919d2003 y0pory50 ba por Informal value transfer systems, terrorism and money laundering Recurso eletrónico a report to the National Institute of Justice Nikos Passas [Massachusetts] Northeastern University 2003 1 CD-ROM 12 cm IVTS Report Relatório submetido ao U.S. Department of Justice. Ficheiro de 1,95 Mb em formato pdf (137 f.). Também disponível em: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208301.pdf. Acedido em 19 de Setembro de 2007. Foreword. Summary of significant results and policy implications. Introduction. Definitions. Methods. A general overview: different types of IVTS. IFTS. IVTM. Background and methods of operation discovered or suspected. Physical transportation – courier service. In-kind payments. Hawala and Hundi. Terms used in Hawala networks. Hawala mechanics. The settlement process. How do hawaladars make profit? Documentation kept. Law enforcement challenges stemming from the nature of Hawala operations. Lack of record keeping and potential difficulties. In deciphering records. Too many records. Mixing of various businesses. Problems associated with the context of Hawala operations. Linguistic issues. Cultural differences. “Benami” accounts. International coordination and cooperation. Difficulty of policy assessments. International legal and administrative asymmetries. Indicators of use and abuse. Indicators of IFTS activity. Indicators of criminal abuse. The nexus with serious crime and terrorism. Policy implications. Conclusion. References. Appendix: Outline of Thirty Cases. BRANQUEAMENTO DE CAPITAIS 243734 EVASÃO FISCAL 230953 TERRORISMO 410420 FINANCIAMENTO DO TERRORISMO 304518 SISTEMA FINANCEIRO 245947 PASSAS Nikos 282693 Oferta 0 PJCD_59_000000000000000 2022-06-06 PJCD59 414414 PJ PJ PJ1CD59_97 PJCD59 2022-06-06 0 MO Oferta