The Recommendation was drafted by the Council for Penological Co operation (PC CP) between 2019 and 2020. The elected members of the PC CP Working Group who took part in this work were Martina BARIĆ (Croatia); Nathalie BOISSOU (France); Annie DEVOS, Chair of the PC CP in 2020 2021 (Belgium); Anna FERRARI (Italy); Robert FRIŠKOVEC (Slovenia); Vivian GEIRAN (Ireland); Attila JUHÁSZ, Vice Chair of the PC CP 2018 2019 (Hungary); Manfred KOST (Germany); Nikolaos KOULOURIS (Greece); Dominik LEHNER, Chair of the PC CP 2018 2019 (Switzerland); Maria LINDSTRÖM (Sweden); Laura NEGREDO LÓPEZ (Spain); Nadya RADKOVSKA, Vice Chair of the PC CP in 2020 2021 (Bulgaria). The PC CP was assisted by three Scientific Experts: Dr Kieran McCartan, Professor in Criminology, Department of Health & Social Sciences, University of the West of England (United Kingdom), Marianne Fuglestved, Specialist in Psychotherapy and Clinical Sexology, Psychologist, Directorate of Danish Prison and Probation Service (Denmark) and Harvey Slade, Consultant (United Kingdom). In the meetings representatives of the Confederation of European Probation (CEP) and of the European Organisation of Prison and Correctional Services (EuroPris) also took part, alongside Kresimir Kamber from the Registry of the European Court of Human Rights and Hugh Chetwynd from the Committee for the Prevention of Torture Secretariat (CPT).