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Preface. Introduction / Andrea Manciulli. PART I – ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF ISLAMIC TERRORISM: FROM AFGHANISTAN TO LIBYA. From the Afghan resistance to Abbottabad: thirty years of al-Qaedaism / Elisa Giunchi. From terrorist group to self-proclaimed state: the origins and evolution of IS / Andrea Plebani. The origins and affiliations of Islamic terrorism in Africa / Alessandra Sasso. Libya, Daesh on Europe’s doorstep / Kader A. Abderrahim. PART II – TERROR BY ANY MEANS: RECRUITING AND FINANCING IN THE DIGITAL ERA. Foreign fighters: an identikit of volunteers in Syria and Iraq / Claudio Neri. The jihadist vocation of foreign fighters and the response of the European Union / Sandro Menichelli. The challenges of fighting terrorism financing: following the Daesh money trail / Inês Sofia de Oliveira. The media, methods and messages of the Islamic State’s communication strategy / Harith Hasan al-Qarawee. The limits of cyberterrorism / Manuel R. Torres Soriano. PART III – ISLAMIC RADICALISATION AND TERRORISM IN EUROPE. Radical Islamic terrorism in France: a structural threat? / Jean-François Daguzan. The history, motivations, framing and processes of Belgian jihadism: the Molenbeek case / Johan Leman. Keyboard jihadism or violent militancy: the phenomenon in Italy / Lorenzo Vidino. Islamic radicalisation and terrorist cells in the Balkans: fact or myth? / Marina Ragush. Europe’s delayed response to terrorismo / Nicolas Gros-Verheyde. Conclusion / Massimo D’Alema. Contributors. Works cited.