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Foreword. Abbreviations. Executive summary. Key findings. Recommendations. Introduction. Aim. Scope. Methodology. Acknowledgements. Crime priority: cyber-dependent crime. Key findings. Key threat – malware. Key threat – attacks on critical infrastructure. Key threat – data breaches and network attacks. Future threats and developments. Recommendations. Crime priority: child sexual exploitation online. Key findings. Key threat – sexual coercion and extortion (SCE) of minors. Key threat – the availability of CSEM. Key threat – commercial sexual exploitation of children. Key threat – behaviour of offenders. Future threats and developments. Recommendations. Crime priority: payment fraud. Key findings. Key threat – card-not-present fraud. Key threat – card-present fraud. Future threats and developments. Recommendations. Crime priority: online criminal markets. Key findings. Key threat – darknet markets. Future threats and developments. Recommendations. The convergence of cyber and terrorism. Key findings. Future threats and developments. Recommendations. Cross-cutting crime factors. Key findings. Social engineering. Criminal communities and crime-as-a-service. Criminal finances. Common challenges for law enforcement. Recommendations. The geographic distribution of cybercrime. Africa. The Americas. Asia. Europe. Oceania. Appendix. Cyber attacks in the context of/against elections. References.