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Executive summary. 1. Introduction. 2. The environmental security programme. 2.1 Objectives. 2.2 Instruments. 2.3 Activities and projects. Project LEAF. Project Predator. Project Scale. Project Wisdom. The ECEC. 2.4 External Partners. 3. UN Environment. 3.1 Objectives. 3.2 Instruments . 3.3 Environmental Rule of Law. Key activities. Legal resources and capacity-building. 4. Environmental crime from the national perspective. 4.1 Value and limitations of the results of the questionnaire. 4.2 Findings. Environmental crime priorities. Crime convergence. National needs. 5. Environmental quality. 5.1 Air. Criminal activity. Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 5.2 Land. Criminal activity. Criminal Supply Chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 5.3 Water. Criminal activity. Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 6. Biodiversity. 6.1 Criminal Activity. Elephants. Rhinos. Bears. Asian big cats. Antelopes. Great apes. Pangolins. Tortoises and turtle. 6.2 Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 7. Natural resources. 7.1 Forestry. Criminal activity. Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 7.2 Fisheries. Criminal activity. Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 7.3 Minerals. Criminal activity. Criminal supply chain. Crime convergence. INTERPOL’s response. 8. Findings. 8.1 A high-profit, low-risk activity. 8.2 The criminal supply chain. 8.3 A transcontinental traffic. 8.4 Crime convergence. 9. A convergence of threats. 9.1 Threats to development. 9.2 Threats to peace and security. 10. Recommendations. Notes. Bibliography.