Ficheiro de 781 Kb em formato pdf (74 p.). Também disponível em: https://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/Publications/e08032028.pdf. Acedido em: 13 de Agosto de 2009.

[Nota: "Panhandling," a common term in the United States, is more often referred to as "begging" elsewhere, or occasionally, as "cadging." "Panhandlers" are variously referred to as "beggars," "vagrants," "vagabonds," "mendicants," or "cadgers." The term "panhandling" derives either from the impression created by someone holding out his or her hand (as a pan's handle sticks out from the pan) or from the image of someone using a pan to collect money (as gold miners in the American West used pans to sift for gold).].Contents: About the Problem-Specific Guides Series. Acknowledgments. The problem of panhandling. Related problems. Factors contributing to panhandling. Whether panhandling intimidates passersby. Who the panhandlers are. Who gets panhandled and who gives money to panhandlers. Where and when panhandling commonly occurs. Economics of panhandling. Economic, social and legal factors that influence panhandling levels. Understanding your local problem. Asking the right questions. Complainants and donors. Panhandlers. Location/time. Current response. Measuring your effectiveness. Responses to the problem of panhandling. General considerations for an effective response strategy. Enforcement responses. Public education responses. Situational responses. Social services/treatment response. Response with limited effectiveness. Appendix A: Summary of responses to panhandling. Appendix B: Selected court cases on panhandling. Endnotes. References. About the author. Recommended readings. Other Problem-Oriented Guides for Police.