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1 Introduction. 2 How DNA is used to make identifications. 3 Before the Incident. 4 Major decisions. How important is DNA to the identification effort?. Will every person or every fragment be identified? What is the minimum fragment size that will be identified?. How difficult will it be to identify everyone?.How long will the recovery effort last? Assuming funding, can the laboratory do the work?. What is the funding source? 5 Managing expectations. 6 Project Management. Project functions. Project structure: Centralized vs. Decentralized. Special requests. Project Manager. External Relationships. Human Resources. 7 Media Relations. 8 Family Coordination and Liaison. The Family-Laboratory Relationship. Collecting Reference Samples. Family-Laboratory Communications. 9 Information Technology.Sample Accessioning/Laboratory Information Management System Requirements. Quality Control Software. Matching and Statistics Software. Sharing Information. Infrastructure. Conclusion. 10 Sample Tracking and Management. 11 Sample Analysis. Sample Collection. Sample Storage. Short Tandem Repeat DNA Amplification and analysis. Alternative testing methods. 12 Statistical and other issues. Statistical threshold. Open vs. closed Incidents. Non-DNA Data (“Metadata”). Fragmented Remains. Kinship analysis. Administrative and technical reviews. 13 Procurement and vendor management. Ordering supplies and equipment. Outsourcing sample testing. Consultants. Vendor management. 14 Quality control. Intentional redundancy. Multiple test and software systems. Exhibits: Exhibit 1 : Potential Sources of DNA Reference Samples. Exhibit 2 : Federal Agency roles in responding to a mass fatality incident. Exhibit 3 : Key variables in assessing laboratory workload. Exhibit 4 : Estimated DNA Analysis Workload Worksheet. Exhibit 5 : Laboratory Director’s Constituents. Exhibit 6 : Information Provided to the Public. Exhibit 7 : Major Project Functions. Exhibit 8 : Modified Daisy-Chain Workflow in a Decentralized Laboratory Structure. Exhibit 9 : Hub-and-Spoke Workflow in a Decentralized Laboratory Structure. Exhibit 10 : Project Manager Duties. Exhibit 11 : Organizations Involved in a Mass Fatality DNA Identification Response. Exhibit 12 : Staffing Requirements Over Time. Exhibit 13 : Relationship Between Laboratory and Victims’ Families. Exhibit 14 : Information Technology in a DNA Laboratory. Exhibit 15: Reconciling Case Numbers With Victims. Exhibit 16 : Additional Capabilities Requiring Laboratory Information Management System Support. Exhibit 17 : Searching Mass Fatality Data. Exhibit 18 : Integrating Processes in Multiple DNA Laboratories. Exhibit 19 : How the Event Is Treated. Exhibit 20: Types of Samples From the World Trade Center Response. Exhibit 21 : DNA Profiles by Sample Type From the World Trade Center Response. Appendixes: Appendix A: Recommendations of the Kinship and Data Analysis Panel (KADAP) to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City During the World Trade Center DNA Identification Effort. Appendix B: Sample Personal Items Submission Form. Appendix C: Sample Family and/or Donor Reference Collection Form. Appendix D: Sample Family Tree Form. Appendix E: Guidelines for Family and/or Donor Reference Collection Kit Components and Oral Swab Collection Instructions. Appendix F: Issues to Consider When Outsourcing Reference Samples. Appendix G: Identifying Victims Using DNA: A Guide for Families. Appendix H: Sample Analysis: An Overview. Appendix I: Additional References on Statistical Issues in DNA Identification.