INTRODUCTION. Recourse against civil judgments in the European Union: A comparative survey. I- The nature of the final recourse. II- The right of appeal. III- Leave to appeal: final decisions. IV- The nature and scope of the appeal. V- Enforceability of judgment subject to recourse. VI- Interlocutory decisions. VII- Judgment on default. VIII- Extraordinary recourse. IX- Third parties. X- Conclusion. AUSTRIA. Introduction: main features of Austrian civil procedure. I- The right of appeal. II- The nature and scope of appeal against first instance judgments (Berufung). III- The nature and scope of appeal against second instance judgment (revision). IV- Extraordinary recourse. V- Default judgments. VI- Third parties. VII- A note on statistics. BELGIUM. Introduction. I- Appel. II- Opposition. III- Pourvoi en cassation. IV- Requête civile. V- Prise à partie. VI- Tierce opposition. VII- Rétractation. VIII- Statistiques. DENMARK. Introduction. I- The right of appeal. II- The nature of appeal. III- The scope of appeal. IV- The effect of appeal. V- Cassation. VI- Default judgments. VII- Judgment obtained by fraud. VIII- Third parties. IX- A note on statistics. ENGLAND AND WALES. Introduction. I- The right of appeal. II- The nature of the appeal. III- The scope of the appeal. IV- The effect of the appeal. V- The hearing. VI- Default judgments. VII- Judgment obtained by fraud. VIII- Third parties. FINLAND. Introduction. I- The right of appeal. II- The nature of appeal. III- Proceedings and the scope of appeal. IV- The effect of appeal. V- Default judgments. VI- Extraordinary recourse. Thir parties. FRANCE. Introduction. I- L'appel. II- Les effets de l'appel. III- L'opposition. IV- Les voies extraordinaires de recours. V- Les effets du pourvoi en casssation. GERMANY. I- Introduction. II- The right of appeal. III- The nature of appeal. IV- The scope of the appeal. V- The eefect of appeal. VI- Cassation. VII- Default judgments. VIII- Judgment obtained by fraud. IX- Third parties. X- A note on statistics. GREECE. I- Einfuhrung: zur struktur der rechtsmittel. II- Das recht auf rechtsmittel. III- Das wesen der berufung. IV- Rechtswirkungen der berufunseinlegung. V- Kassation. VI- Einspruch gegen ein versaumnisurteil und wiederaufnahme des verfahrens. VII- Die drittwiderspruchsklage (tierce opposition). IRELAND. Introduction. I- Appeals from district court. II- Appeals from circuit court. III- Appeals from high court. IV- Finality of Supreme Court decisions. V- Security for costs. VI- Hearing of new evidence on appeal. VII- Exceptions from general right of appeal to Supreme Court. VIII- Third parties. IX- Default judgments. X- Judgment obtained by fraud. XI- Statistics. ITALY. I- Italian civil procedure: crisis and reform. II- The appellate structure and rights of appeal. III- The role of Courts of Appeal and review. IV- Accessibility of Courts of APPeal. V- Concluding remarks. THE NETHERLANDS. I- Introduction. II- Appeal. III- Cassation. IV- Recourse against default judgments. V- Recourse against judgments obtained by fraud. VI- Third party opposition. VII- Time-limits for introducing means of recourse. VIII- Statistics. PORTUGAL. Introduction. I- Le droit d'appel. SPAIN. Introduction. I- El derecho a los recursos en el ordenamiento procesal español. II- El sistema de recursos. Caracteristicas. Enumeración. III- El recurso de apelación. IV- Interposición del recurso de apelación. El ámbito de la decisión judicial. V- Efectos del recurso de apelación. VI- El recurso de casasión. VII- La rescisión de sentencias firmes. SWEDEN. I- Introduction. II- The right of appeal. III- The nature of appeal. IV- The scope of appeal. V- The effect of appeal. VI- Cassation and extraordinary remedies. VII- Default judgment (Tredskodomar). VIII- Judgment obtained by fraud. IX- Third parties. X- A note on statistics.